TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT
THE PROCESSED MATERIAL
THE PROCESSED MATERIAL
Fiberglass is a dielectric material widely used for the manufacture of rubbing parts of mechanisms, as well as electrical insulators. It is a type of textolite, but instead of fabric fibers it contains fiberglass, due to which it has higher operational qualities.
This is a composite material. It is based on fiberglass. It is laid in layers over the entire thickness of the material. The layers are impregnated with each other and bonded with a polymer. Polyester or epoxy resin can be used as it, bakelite can also be used.
The presence of fiberglass as reinforcing layers significantly increases the working and physical qualities of fiberglass. It can withstand a 50°C higher temperature than ordinary textolite. These qualities allow it to be used for the production of printed circuit boards. Even thin plates of fiberglass withstand a significant deformation load that occurs at the time of mounting on the connectors of the board of various chips, equipment, etc.
For the production of fiberglass for fiberglass, a glass fight is used. Thus, the production of the material has a certain benefit for the environment. Fiberglass differs from textolite by its base. The first one is made of fiberglass, the second one is made of cotton fabric. Fiberglass itself is better and more durable than natural fibers. Due to this, the product made of it is better both in terms of durability and in temperature and mechanical stability.
GOST allows the production of light green and brown fiberglass. Mostly it is the first shade. Closer to brown, most often only ordinary textolite is made. One of the most common is yellow fiberglass.
The presence of fiberglass as reinforcing layers significantly increases the working and physical qualities of fiberglass. It can withstand a 50°C higher temperature than ordinary textolite. These qualities allow it to be used for the production of printed circuit boards. Even thin plates of fiberglass withstand a significant deformation load that occurs at the time of mounting on the connectors of the board of various chips, equipment, etc.
For the production of fiberglass for fiberglass, a glass fight is used. Thus, the production of the material has a certain benefit for the environment. Fiberglass differs from textolite by its base. The first one is made of fiberglass, the second one is made of cotton fabric. Fiberglass itself is better and more durable than natural fibers. Due to this, the product made of it is better both in terms of durability and in temperature and mechanical stability.
GOST allows the production of light green and brown fiberglass. Mostly it is the first shade. Closer to brown, most often only ordinary textolite is made. One of the most common is yellow fiberglass.
Fiberglass at the same time combines strength, resistance to friction, as well as electrical insulation qualities. Due to this, it is used for the production of various products.
IT IS USED TO MAKE BLANKS OF THREE MAIN TYPES:
IT IS USED TO MAKE BLANKS OF THREE MAIN TYPES:
- sheets
- bushings
- rods
- sliding bearings
- bushings
- gaskets
- washers
- machine parts
- dielectric handles for tools
- printed circuit boards for electrical appliances, etc.
The material is perfectly amenable to processing. In this respect, it is similar to plastic, but it is harder, besides, it is more difficult to work with it than with wood.
FIBERGLASS CAN BE:
For this purpose, tools with metal tooling are used. For example, if it is necessary to cut a fiberglass product or a blank, a metal hacksaw with small teeth is used.
After processing, the surface of the fiberglass becomes matte. To return the gloss, it must be sanded with fine-grained sandpaper P1000 and smaller. After that, you can polish the surface or simply lubricate it with oil. It fills the pores and gives the surface the necessary shine. Such processing can be done, for example, when making knife handles or other hand tools from fiberglass bushings.
When processing fiberglass with an electric tool, you should try not to overheat it. When heated to a temperature of more than +400°C, toxic smoke is released from the material. It is not lethal, but it contains substances harmful to humans. Also, when grinding or sawing fiberglass, it is necessary to avoid inhaling sawdust, therefore, during processing, it is necessary to connect an extractor hood over the workplace.
It is allowed to process fiberglass on a lathe using conventional metal cutters, files, sandpaper. This is a very fast and safe way to produce any product, whether it is a gear, bushing or other cylindrical part.
FIBERGLASS CAN BE:
- sawed
- drilled
- milled
- grinded
For this purpose, tools with metal tooling are used. For example, if it is necessary to cut a fiberglass product or a blank, a metal hacksaw with small teeth is used.
After processing, the surface of the fiberglass becomes matte. To return the gloss, it must be sanded with fine-grained sandpaper P1000 and smaller. After that, you can polish the surface or simply lubricate it with oil. It fills the pores and gives the surface the necessary shine. Such processing can be done, for example, when making knife handles or other hand tools from fiberglass bushings.
When processing fiberglass with an electric tool, you should try not to overheat it. When heated to a temperature of more than +400°C, toxic smoke is released from the material. It is not lethal, but it contains substances harmful to humans. Also, when grinding or sawing fiberglass, it is necessary to avoid inhaling sawdust, therefore, during processing, it is necessary to connect an extractor hood over the workplace.
It is allowed to process fiberglass on a lathe using conventional metal cutters, files, sandpaper. This is a very fast and safe way to produce any product, whether it is a gear, bushing or other cylindrical part.
Since various binders can be used for the manufacture of fiberglass, the final properties of the material differ significantly. Against this background, GOST standards provide for its various brands.
STEF is a classic brand of fiberglass, used primarily for the manufacture of printed circuit boards in electrical appliances. Fiberglass flaps with a large cell are used to reinforce the sheets. As binders for them various resins can be used.
STEF is a classic brand of fiberglass, used primarily for the manufacture of printed circuit boards in electrical appliances. Fiberglass flaps with a large cell are used to reinforce the sheets. As binders for them various resins can be used.
STEP 1 is almost a complete analogue of the previous brand, except that it is made of fiberglass with a very small cell. Due to this, such product is significantly more durable. The material is usually used for the manufacture of small rubbing parts. It is well machined. The material can be operated under constant temperature conditions of +250°C. However, it is able to tolerate short-term overheating up to +750 °C. Due to these qualities, STEF 1 fiberglass is used for the manufacture of electrical insulation for equipment that is very hot, for example, bushings and washers in the oven.
KAST-B is an absolutely safe kind of fiberglass, when heated, no poisonous smoke is released. Also, the dust formed during its processing al does not cause poisoning of the body when inhaled in large quantities. The composition of the material includes special stabilizing additives. Due to this, the polymer in combination with fiberglass is even more durable. It also well resists the effects of fire.
In fact, there are more than 10 brands of fiberglass, each of which has a specific purpose. In most cases, material of any brand can be used for the manufacture of almost all parts; they are all durable and wear-resistant. However, for very specific operating conditions, the brand of the material is important, since all its features in this case will be manifested on the positive side.
In fact, there are more than 10 brands of fiberglass, each of which has a specific purpose. In most cases, material of any brand can be used for the manufacture of almost all parts; they are all durable and wear-resistant. However, for very specific operating conditions, the brand of the material is important, since all its features in this case will be manifested on the positive side.
Fiberglass of different brands may differ in processing complexity and service life. It is believed that its rubbing parts should be replaced every 3 years, which is basically a stretchable statement that is more connected with the operation intensity.
POSITIVE QUALITIES OF FIBERGLASS:
The increased hardness of the material prevents its rapid wear during friction. It also has a very small linear expansion. It’s an extremely important quality, especially for boards. During operation, they heat up very unevenly, which, however, does not affect their integrity.
Fiberglass is a very durable material both on its thickness. It can withstand the compression load, depending on the brand, in the range of 800-1800 kg / cm sq. In addition, its bending strength reaches the level of 1500-4000 kg / cm sq, and tensile strength – 2000-4000 kg / cm sq. Such a high variation in ultimate strength depends not only on the brand, but also on the actual temperature of the material at which the impact occurs.
POSITIVE QUALITIES OF FIBERGLASS:
- high density
- compressive strength 800-1800 kg/cm2
- water absorption 0.95%
- fire resistance
- high strength
- is a dielectric
- low cost
- low specific gravity
- ease of processing
The increased hardness of the material prevents its rapid wear during friction. It also has a very small linear expansion. It’s an extremely important quality, especially for boards. During operation, they heat up very unevenly, which, however, does not affect their integrity.
Fiberglass is a very durable material both on its thickness. It can withstand the compression load, depending on the brand, in the range of 800-1800 kg / cm sq. In addition, its bending strength reaches the level of 1500-4000 kg / cm sq, and tensile strength – 2000-4000 kg / cm sq. Such a high variation in ultimate strength depends not only on the brand, but also on the actual temperature of the material at which the impact occurs.
Insulating fiberglass fabrics are designated by the letter "E" and are produced by plain weave. For structural glass-fiber composites characterized by a high modulus of elasticity, good mechanical properties, so-called structural fabrics are used, denoted by the letter "T". Often they are also produced from glass of the "E" brand. However, for structural fabrics used in the manufacture of fiberglass with an increased modulus of elasticity and high strength, glass fibers from glasses of special compositions with increased values of mechanical characteristics can be used. So, if aluminosilicate glass has an elastic modulus of 78 GPa and a tensile strength of 2800 MPa, then magnesia-aluminosilicate glass has 96 GPa and about 4000 MPa, respectively.
In addition, to increase the mechanical strength of structural fabrics, they are most often produced by satin weave 8/3 or 5/3.
IN the NEXT BLOCK, the table shows the comparative characteristics of electrical insulation and structural fiberglass.
In addition, to increase the mechanical strength of structural fabrics, they are most often produced by satin weave 8/3 or 5/3.
IN the NEXT BLOCK, the table shows the comparative characteristics of electrical insulation and structural fiberglass.
The strong layers adhesion of fiberglass allows tolerating vibration loads normally. This is extremely important for gears, bushings, bearings. The material does not delaminate during operation in difficult conditions, it is practically not erased.
The water absorption level of fiberglass is only 0.95%. That is it will not become an electric current conductor even if soaked in water. Low absorbency also makes the material an excellent solution for the bushings, tool handles manufacture.
The material is characterized by chemical neutrality. It almost never reacts with aggressive substances. In this regard, it is used for the manufacture of various parts of mechanisms in chemical production.
Due to the strength of the material details made of fiberglass do not need to be massive and thick-walled. Thus, they are lightweight, do not load the structures where used. Fiberglass is easy to drill, sharpen and process in other ways. Due to this, it is the main material its scope of application. It is significantly superior to plastic, as it is not prone to cracking, melting with relatively little heating and deformation.
The water absorption level of fiberglass is only 0.95%. That is it will not become an electric current conductor even if soaked in water. Low absorbency also makes the material an excellent solution for the bushings, tool handles manufacture.
The material is characterized by chemical neutrality. It almost never reacts with aggressive substances. In this regard, it is used for the manufacture of various parts of mechanisms in chemical production.
Due to the strength of the material details made of fiberglass do not need to be massive and thick-walled. Thus, they are lightweight, do not load the structures where used. Fiberglass is easy to drill, sharpen and process in other ways. Due to this, it is the main material its scope of application. It is significantly superior to plastic, as it is not prone to cracking, melting with relatively little heating and deformation.